GNV News October 29, 2025
On October 28, 2025, in conflict-torn Sudan, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) announced that they would withdraw from El Fasher, their last foothold in the Darfur region. Two days earlier, on October 26, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a rival to the SAF, had announced the capture of El Fasher. El Fasher had been an important SAF military base but, since May 2024, had been besieged by the RSF, leaving hundreds of thousands of civilians inside unable to receive aid and facing hunger, disease, and violence.
Since the RSF’s capture of El Fasher, numerous war crimes and atrocities have been reported. Reports of summary executions without due process and satellite imagery showing piles of bodies after executions have also been documented, and the humanitarian situation has severely worsened. The RSF claims it is allowing civilians and surrendering soldiers to evacuate from El Fasher, but there are also reports of RSF soldiers committing robberies, abductions, sexual violence, and killings during the evacuations, and images and videos apparently depicting these scenes are spreading online. Furthermore, more than 26,000 people are thought to have fled in the two days since the RSF took El Fasher, but towns that serve as destinations for evacuees, such as Tawila, are already hosting many displaced people, creating a situation in which aid cannot keep up.
With the capture of El Fasher, the RSF now controls almost all of Darfur. Given that on August 30, 2025, the RSF declared the establishment of a new government, it is possible that Sudan could effectively split in the near future. In this context, on October 24, in Washington, D.C., four countries—Egypt, said to be supporting the SAF; the UAE, said to be supporting the RSF; together with the United States and Saudi Arabia—held a meeting on the situation in Sudan, but no agreement on the way forward has yet been reached.
Since the conflict began in April 2023, about 24.6 million people—roughly half the population—have fallen into severe food insecurity, and about 14.1 million have been forced to flee (*). As for the death toll, as of May 2024 a figure of 150,000 was estimated, but no reliable estimate has been made since.
※ In October 2025, about 2.6 million people returned to their places of origin, including Khartoum, but much of the housing and other basic infrastructure has been destroyed, leaving living conditions extremely unstable.
Learn more about the Sudan conflict → “The future of the Sudan conflict”
Learn more about humanitarian crises and reporting→“Which humanitarian crises become the subject of humanitarian reporting?”
Zamzam refugee camp around 2014, where over 1,500 people were reportedly killed in an RSF attack (Photo: United Nations Photo / Flickr [CC BY-NC-ND 2.0])
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